We are pleased to present our readers with this double issue of Massorot , volume 21–22, published by the Center for Jewish Languages and Literatures in collaboration with the Jewish Oral Traditions Research Center. The volume contains eleven articles which testify to the varied interests of contemporary scholars in the field of Jewish languages and the Hebrew traditions of the diverse communities of the Jewish People. Five of the articles concern themselves with Bible translations in Jewish languages, four of these in varieties of Judeo-Arabic: Moshe Bar-Asher discusses the conservative features of the Sharḥ (Judeo-Arabic calque translations transmitted orally) in the Maghreb. Shay Matsa deals with the last Judeo-Arabic Bible translation from Aleppo and its author. Ibrahim Bassal scrutinizes the interplay of elements from the Tafsīr of Saadiah Gaon and the Syriac Bible tradition in a Christian Arabic Bible translation. Zahi Abbas discusses the distinctive features of Saadiah Gaon’s Judeo-Arabic Bible translation. Yaffa Israeli analyzes translations of the Book of Jonah in three different regional dialects of Jewish Neo-Aramaic, from Urmi, Saqqiz and Rawanduz. Another two articles are concerned with other aspects of Judeo-Arabic in North Africa: Paul B. Fenton discusses three Judeo-Arabic historical dirges, two from the Tafilalt region and one from Algiers. Mor Daniel analyzes the forms of the plural used in the Judeo-Arabic of newspapers published in Tunis at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. Two articles in the volume deal with Jewish Romance languages: Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald offers the fruit of her research into the Passover Haggadah published in Sofia in Cyrillic letters. Michael Ryzhik focuses on the linguistic features of two Judeo-Italian dramas in Latin letters. Two articles in the volume are concerned with the Hebrew language traditions of different Jewish communities: Mor Shemesh analyzes the whole plural forms of segholate nouns in the reading of the Mishnah according to the late Ashkenazi tradition. Adam Bin-Nun discusses the link between the Yemenite version of the Torah text and that of Maimonides.

The commentary of Rabbi Joseph Hayyun, who was one of the greatest rabbis of Portugal in the generation before the deportation, to Jeremiah, has remained since its composition only in manuscript and did not reach the printing press. In this edition, an effort was made to invent for those seeking biblical interpretation, an illustrated scientific edition of the commentary, from the only surviving manuscript, which is apparently an autograph that Rabbi Hayyun repeatedly proofread several times. At the beginning of the book is a comprehensive introduction, which discusses Rabbi Hayon's interpretive way as it is reflected in his commentary on Jeremiah, various matters arising from his commentary concerning the book of Jeremiah, and matters of faith and philosophy mentioned during the commentary.

In this issue: Haim Shapira | The Courts in the Mishnah : M. Sanhedrin , Chapter 1, Revisited Elyashiv Cherlow | Milta belo Taʿama : A Chapter in the Textual History of the Talmud Yerushalmi Moshe Idel | On ‘The Book of the Elderly Man’, The Backgrounds of Its Composition and the Research on it

The Jewish Haskalah movement heralded a profound, unprecedented cultural-spiritual revolution in the Jewish world. Beginning in the German lands in the second half of the eighteenth century and subsequently spreading to central Europe, it called for reconstituting traditional Jewish society in line with maskilic values. This volume spotlights the early-nineteenth-century Galician Haskalah. Although a backwater annexed to the Austrian Empire from Poland but two generations earlier, Galicia’s impressive gallery of outstanding individuals and literary activity has granted the Galician Haskalah its place as one of the most productive, influential centers of the Haskalah movement. This collection of articles is based on lectures delivered at the "Revealers of Secrets—200 Years of Galician Haskalah" conference. Held in Jerusalem in 2013, this fifth annual conference for the study of the Haskalah movement aimed to submit the Galician Haskalah to renewed scholarly examination. Organized in five sections, the volume’s twenty-three essays by outstanding scholars portray the variegated aspects of this movement, which ranged from attempts to preserve Jewish identity by nurturing modern Jewish culture in Hebrew to radical attempts to reform traditional Jewish society.

This study focuses on one medieval manuscript of the Palestinian Talmud, that served as a printer's copy for the first edition of the composition, printed in Venice (1523). A detailed philological examination of the preparation of the text for print, drives a comprehensive description of transition of Talmudic literature from manuscript culture to print culture.

In the current book two of the most prolific authors in the area of Medieval Judeo-Arabic and poetic Hebrew Medieval texts go back to its basic theses on the relations between Hebrew literature and its parallel Arabic and Judeo-Arabic texts. By re-establishing an up-to-date picture they are attacking the field of encounters from new and different angles.

The starting point for any study of the Bible is the text of the Masora, as designed by the Masoretes. The ancient manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible contain thousands of Masora comments of two types: Masora Magna and Masora Prava. This book presents the way in which the Masoretic comments preserve the Masoretic Text of the Bible throughout generations and all over the world, providing comprehensive information in a short and efficient manner. The book describes the important manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible, and the methods of the Masora in determining the biblical spelling and designing the forms of the parshiot and the biblical Songs. The effectiveness of Masoretic mechanisms and their degree of success in preserving the text is examined. A special explanation is offered for the phenomenon of qere and ketiv . The book discusses the place of the Masoretic text in the history of the Bible, the differences between the Babylonian Masora and that of Tiberias, the special status of the Aleppo Codex and the mystery surrounding it. Special attention is given to the comparison between the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex (B 19a). In addition, the book discusses the relationship between the Masora and other tangential domains: the grammar of the Hebrew language, the interpretation of the Bible, and the Halakha. The appendix to the book contains a description of books and computer software that are tools for researching the Masora. The book is based on the author's research and the research of the great scholars of the Masora in recent generations. It is a necessary tool for anyone interested in the text of the Bible and its crystallization.

In this issue: Gal Sela | The Long Sleep of Honi the Circle-Maker: The Ecotype and the Conglomerate as Analytical Concepts Roni Cohen | Between 'Blessed Mordechai' and 'Cursed Haman': The Story of Esther in Kalonymos ben Kalonymos' Massechet Purim and the Medieval Custom of Hitting Haman Vered Tohar and Noga Rubin | A Comparative Study of the Shared Stories of the Yiddish Sefer Midot (Isny, 1542) and the Hebrew Orhot Tzaddikim (Prague, 1581) Eli Yassif | Menasseh ben-Israel and the Early Study of Jewish Folklore

Hasidism is one of the most important-influential movements in Judaism during the modern era. This book shows that the scholarly style of Hasidim abided by the rhetoric that was common within Jewish culture in Eastern Europe in the generations prior to Hasidism and in the generation of Hasidism itself among non-hasidic leaders.

This book collects rewritten articles and essays by the author related first and foremost, but not exclusively, to the catastrophe of the Holocaust as an epistemic crisis – qualified as a “rupture in civilization”, i.e. the destruction of concepts deeply rooted in a common anthropology of humankind, while focusing on methodological as well as conceptual questions. The composition of the volume runs roughly chronologically along several layers of interpretation – embracing questions of German constitutional law, the formation of Continental expansionist geopolitical thinking, the epistemology of the Holocaust, the assertion and transformation of paradigms of historical interpretation in the second half of the 20th century, especially the turn from social history to memory studies, as well as the turn from a Western- and Eurocentric approaches into the direction of colonial and global history.

This collection of articles deals with the connection between the concept of death and the philosophy of the Halakha. Many would argue that recoil from death and flight from it underlie in every culture, including the Halakha. To understand a culture one must examine its attitude toward death. The articles in this volume and its special symposium on the denial of death follow this assumption by studying what the Halakha has to say on this subject. Three themes that link death and Halakha lie at the heart of the book: the issue of fear of death and the tools for coping with it; the connection between human experience and Halakhic conceptualizations and tools pertaining to the issue of death; and the influence of meta-Halakhic views on Halakhic rulings and thought on the issue of death. This diverse collection presents the voices of the leading scholars and intellectuals in the field; it touches on existential issues whose sources lie in deep Halakhic and philosophic study, from the Sages and Maimonides to the Holocaust and the technological age. The book, whose foundation is the philosophical discourse of the Halakha, constitutes a cornerstone for broad study that encourages additional scholarship. It presents the Halakhic world’s deep insights on the end of life, coping with these moments, and the Halakhic implications of the concept of death, including all its derivatives in the Halakha and the Aggada.