The twentieth century has been a time of great turmoil and momentous events for the Jewish people. How did Jewish women react during this period? Through the history of the International Council of Jewish Women, this work traces from its inception the course of an operation which is both far-reaching and little publicized: that of the mobilization of women who were confronted successively with the rise of anti-Semitism, migrations of persecuted Jewish populations, the destruction of European Jewry, the creation of the State of Israel, and the dissension surrounding the Arab-Israeli conflict. Basing herself on archives and historical documents, Nelly Las analyzes the structures and operating mechanisms of an international Jewish women's organization. She also discusses the humanitarian action of numerous Jewish women's associations at the local level.