Is it possible that Jews will expel their wives, the mothers of their children? The Jews returning from the Babylonian Diaspora were asked, according to the Book of Ezrah and Nehemia, to differentiate themselves from other people by expelling their foreign wives, thus purifying the community. This was a particularly harsh demand, quite unique in the biblical context. Yonina Dor examines this story through critical analysis of the biblical text, a historical discussion of these women's identity, and an anthropological examination of the events